Dynamic Responses of Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam to Different Site Conditions under Near-Fault Earthquake Excitation

The western region of China is rich in hydropower resources and characterized by unique geological conditions. For the construction or planned high dams this region, different types cover layers are formed due to special structures, most which located seismic intensity zones. This study focuses on four site conditions: hard ground, medium–hard medium–soft weak ground. By simulating dynamic response concrete-face rockfill under near-fault earthquake excitation, vertical settlement dam attenuation motion conditions analyzed. research findings reveal a consistent trend where progressively escalates with increasing height across all phenomenon especially pronounced ground conditions, posing potential risk failure. Furthermore, when subjected pulse-type motions, existence soil significantly dampens forces experienced dam. finding suggests that weaker site, more effect motion. Additionally, overburden have noticeable amplification However, not significant possibly presence restricting propagation In conclusion, these practical significance for China. They provide scientific basis design serve as reference implementation mitigation measures disaster prevention engineering projects.